Is it bad to be ignorant?
There's a unexpected post on this over at Philosophy Etc.
I say "unexpected" because I take the answer to be a very obvious "yes", but Richard appears to support the alternative view. I suspect I'm misreading, because I can't imagine Richard rejects what I write below. Indeed, in a sense Richard says what I do here. But then the worry is that he also makes remarks to the reverse, and so I'm lost as to what the overall claim is.
"I'm not convinced that any one of them is vital for ordinary people living ordinary lives. Why would it be "necessary" for average Joe to know the location of Iraq? He's not the one making decisions over there.
As Brandon says, we are all ignorant of a great many things. [...] there are so many things to be learnt, we cannot hope to pursue every one of them. Further, some opportunities for learning will excite us more than others. So, given limited time and resources, it doesn't seem so inappropriate for one to simply disregard some fields as not one's concern."
A lot hangs on "vital" and "necessary" in the first paragraph, but I take it to be true that knowledge has value even when it isn't instrumental. As I see it, it's good to be informed period, not just because of whatever further effects that knowledge might have. Half of the merit of philosophy is the way in which it satisfies mere curiosity. It seems to me that curiousity is the appropriate attitude to interesting but pragmatically unimportant questions.
It is also obviouly true that we are all ignorant of many things. But some are less ignorant than others, and it's better to be less ignorant than more ignorant. So I don't see an objection there to the idea that ignorance is bad.
Finally, of course, one can disregard some fields to some extent due to limited time ("an expert is someone who knows more and more about less and less"). But it's also obviously true that (a) most fields relate, so that a lack of knowledge in one has a negative impact on your understanding everywhere else, (b) that lack of knowledge about, say whether the universe is geocentric or not, or where Iraq is, is bound to have a negative impact on your understanding of related issues. Your worldview is going to be vastly affected if you still think that the universe revolves around the earth. Galileo was not a mere scientist; he was a revolutionary!
As I say, Richard hints as these points in the post. But then what is it that's supposed to be ok about ignorance?
(Of course, blame for ignorance isn't always appropriate. People who have had a poor education are victims and not wrongdoers. It's also obviously true that intellectual arrogance is both common and misplaced. But the arrogance of people with an education is not a reason to be ignorant, it's a reason not to be arrogant.)

I'm all in favour of
I'm all in favour of curiosity, so I agree that there is great value in seeking some knowledge or other. But it doesn't follow that each piece of information is such that there is any great value in knowing it. It's this latter claim I meant to deny.
(Of course, I certainly don't mean to claim that there is any "reason to be ignorant". All else equal, it's preferable - or at least not worse - to know some particular thing. But in many cases this could well be a very minor value, so I think people could rightly judge the particular case to be "not at all important", comparatively speaking, and Jacoby really has no grounds to be outraged by this.)
The particular examples
The particular examples Jacoby picks are geocentrism, the location of Iraq, the ability to remember new words, the ability to remember recent news events, and knowing a second language.
Even if it is true that there are, logically speaking, some particular pieces of knowledge which have no value, these hardly fall into that category. Is it this you disagree with, or is your criticism better placed not against Jaboby but as a general claim on ignorance?
Al
Jacoby's examples
Bilingualism and geography (Iraq's location) strike me as relatively unimportant for people in some situations (not all, of course) -- certainly not universally "necessary", as she seemed to be suggesting. Even geocentrism, it seems to me, is a mainly symbolic issue.
To take one of those as an
*Update:* I made a very silly mistake. That should read that people have an obligation to be politically active (perhaps by voting, perhaps by intentionally abstaining), and so on.
To take one of those as an example:
I take it that one has an obligation to vote, to vote responsibly, and that part of that is voting partly according to foreign policy, and the part of *that* is knowing basic facts like the location of Iraq, which presumably is informative in terms of the ethnic groups there, the state of its bordering nations, and so on.
Is it one of these claims that you deny? I'm still, if I'm honest, struck that it is implausible to claim that these pieces of knowledge are not valuable.
Al
I'm not sure that there's an
I'm not sure that there's an obligation to vote (this may have been mentioned in passing at the very end of my post). But I'm also skeptical about your last claim, i.e. how important geographic knowledge is for discerning whether the Republican or Democratic candidate would be a better president (even wrt foreign policy).
A very brief point: It seems
A very brief point: It seems to me like an odd combination of views (not inconsistent, granted) to think that (a) there's no obligation to vote, and (b) voting ought to be legally compulsory, as I seem to recall you defending.
Al
It's OK to ignore politics
I don't know about being obligated to vote (I doubt I am), but it makes a lot of sense to not invest much effort in obtaining sufficient information to give informed votes if you have better things to do. And I reckon a lot of us have better things to do. The marginal effect of my vote is negligible; deciphering information about stuff like economics and foreign policy (usually sourced from unreliable media) is complex and time-consuming. If I happen to love, for example, chess and reading to my niece, and choose to spend what free time I have in doing those things (which have immediate and obvious benefits), rather than following the news and debating the finer points of this-or-that policy, well, good for me I say.
This is one of those complex
This is one of those complex factual matters that it's hard to resolve here. The best I can do is offer an extremely simplistic model that roughly corresponds to how I imagine the facts to be laid out here.
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Reading to my niece, let's imagine, benefits her to a degree worth about 1/1000 of a human life. That's obviously arbitrary, but also arbitrarily too high, so my words here can only make my case out to be worse than it is.
Second, let's imagine that the Iraq war has killed 1,000,000 people. Again, that's probably too low, and very obviously not the total cost of the war once you factor in opportunity costs and harms that aren't simply death (e.g. pain).
Those two imply that if you have a 1 in 1,000,000,000 chance of affecting the country's decision to go to Iraq, then that would be equivalent to reading to your nice. Any higher chance and you should vote, and any lower chance and you should read to your niece.
I don't know where you are; any larger country and the effect of your vote will be higher, and smaller and your chance of affecting the outcome will be higher. But the population of the UK is around 60,000,000. So, again, very simplistically, your chance of influencing any election is 1/60,000,000. That's obviously much higher than 1/1,000,000,000, and so you should vote.
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Those numbers and calculations are all obviously very arbitrary and simplistic approximations of the real facts. Just to reiterate that: I know that this excludes all sorts of extremely relevant facts that could upset the whole model. But I hope this at least shows why I imagine the correct figures to be in the ballpark of favouring political action and not spending time with your niece (at least, to some extent).
Al
Too simple?
I realise that you accept that this is a massive simplifictaion but even so, I think the degree of over-simplification renders the model completely redundant. That's not how it works, whatever numbers you use.
And in any case, knowing about Iraq is not going to help you vote in a way that would cause least harm unless you really understood it. As I understand it, nobody really understands it and encouraging the great unwashed to involve themselves in its conflicts is to impose upon them a responsibility for which they are not prepared and which they do not deserve.
Perhaps I should have
Perhaps I should have written it without the numbers, as follows.
Although the chances of your vote both being sensible and having an impact is low, the great difference it makes if it does make a difference is enough to outweigh this improbability. An investment with an improbable payoff is still rational when the payoff is large enough.
Al
Yes, but in this type of
Yes, but in this type of case, major geo-political decisions, it is impossible for the voter to know what the payoff is likely to be and the improbability of one's actually affecting anything is so astronomical as to be completely irrelevant.